BJMC Guru (Journalism & Mass Communication) Study Materials

Newspaper Production - How it's BASICALLY done. Ever wondered how a newspaper that you read is made? It goes through a lot of process done by so many people before it reaches you on regular basis and even though it's getting less popular as other forms of media are taking over, particularly Digital Media. It is still made and read at a large number. There is a quite huge production that is done for a newspaper and everything is well planned in advance so that the production goes smoothly and provide you the best filtered content. Ofcourse the very first thing that is done for producing a newspaper is gathering of news and various newspaper happening around and it is done by various editors, photographers, interviewers, reporters, and other people. All the news gathered is reported to the newspaper agency and then rest of the process is made. News can be local, around state or nationwide and there are various newspapers too based on it. Like some newspapers deliver onl

There was decline of Newspapers and now There's decline of TV usage There was a time when Newspapers were the only and main form of media for providing all the information, events, news happening around the world. People were totally depended on it to keep in touch with the world then around the 1950s TV started getting popular around the world and it's usage kept on increasing. Radio became popular too and now people started loving the TV for all the media purposes like entertainment, news etc. At the early 21st century before Internet came into existence around the world people were more dependent on the Television to know about the world and mainly for entertainment purposes and news. Usage of newspapers just kept on declining and is still happening as other mediums of media are getting popular. Then came the Internet and as it got popular everything started changing. Radio, TV, Newspaper, Magazines, etc. all came into one medium which is the Internet and the rise of Soci

Role of Media in Our Life and Today's World! Media in simple words is the medium through which communication is done to the masses of people for sharing information on what is happening around the world. There is another term called "Mass Media" which means the media technologies that is used to reach the masses of people (large number of people) for giving info about political news, lifestyle, entertainment, social activities, news events etc. We can't imagine our life without being interacted to media now. It's everywhere and is the source through which we get to know about what is happening around our society and the world. It all started when Newspapers started getting published to make people aware about the things happening around. It is also the cheapest source of media and has been there since the 17th century. Even the most remote areas with poor living conditions have access to newspapers so that they can know about what is happening around the world

Berlo's Model of Communication (SMCR Model) - Communication Models Berlo's SMCR Model of Communication was proposed in 1960 by David Berlo and describes the communication process in it's most basic form. It has four communication components in it which are Sender, Message, Channel and Receiver. The components are affected by various factors and that's how the communication process is done. Encoding and Decoding of message is also done in this type of model. The four components defined are: SENDER Sender is the person or the source that sends the message to the receiver. It's the place from which the communication process starts or originates. There are multiple factors which affect the Sender and they are: Communication Skills:  One of the most important factor, if the person who sends the message has good communication skills then the message will be communicated better than if the person doesn't have good communication skills. Good communication s

Shannon and Weaver Model of Communication This model of communication was proposed in 1948 by Shannon (Electrical engineer and American mathematician) and Weaver who was an American Scientist. They both together wrote an article called as "A Mathematical Theory of Communication", more popularly known as the "Shannon and Weaver Model of Communication". There are 5 concepts in this model of communication: * Sender is the person who sends the message, basically the source of the message * Encoder is the person or transmitter who uses technical machines to convert the message into binary data or signals * Decoder is the place where signals or binary data is converted back into message. It is the opposite of Encoder * Receiver is the person who gets the message sent by sender * Noise : Physical disturbances caused in environment like crowd noise, horns, thunder etc. or disturbances caused during transmission process. This model was designed for effect

Magic Bullet Theory (Hypodermic needle model) Magic Bullet Theory, also known as Hypodermic needle model or Hypodermic-syringe model is one of the communication models which was proposed by Harold Laswell and was originally written in the book "Propaganda Technique" during the World War. Magic Bullet Theory says that media's message is a bullet fired from the media gun to the people's head. It means that media fires or injects message or different messages into the audience like a bullet and the audience believes in what they are seeing or hearing from the media. Magic Bullet Theory says that the audience is passive and they are dependent totally on the media to know about what is happening around them and the world and the media keeps on injecting the media's message to the passive audience like a syringe or shooting into their head like a bullet. Masses of people are made to think as the same way media wants them to think and create public opinions and

Types of Leads in a News Story (Journalism) Lead can be defined as the paragraph which we see in the starting of a news story. A well written lead tells about the news story in a few words and the reader gets the idea of it. The lead must be accurate, short and crisp and it should make people continue read the news story. It shall include 5Ws and 1 H. The 5Ws are Who, When, Why, Where and How and H is How (Not necessarily all). A good journalist should know how to make a great lead to attract people to read their news stories. It should not be too long and should be kept in simple words, people should not get confused and it also must be honestly and accurately written. It is written in usually 20 - 35 words and not in more than 40 words. 5 types of Leads are: a) Descriptive Lead - Written in an inverted pyramid format or news format. - It basically starts the article by giving description about the person, place or even in detail. b) Quotation Lead - Includes a quote o